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A Child Trust Fund (CTF) is a long-term savings or investment account for children in the United Kingdom. New accounts cannot be created but existing accounts can receive new money. CTF has been stopped in 2011. They have been replaced by Junior ISAs. The UK Government introduced the Child Trust Fund with the aim of ensuring every child has savings at the age of 18, helping children get into the habit of saving whilst teaching them the benefits of saving and helping them understand personal finance. The Child Trust Fund scheme was promised in the Labour Party's 2001 election manifesto,〔Julian Le Grand, "Implementing Stakeholder Grants: the British Case", in Erik Olin Wright (ed, 2003), ''Redesigning Distribution: basic income and stakeholder grants as alternative cornerstones for a more egalitarian capitalism'', The Real Utopias Project, Volume V〕 and launched in January 2005, with children born after 1 September 2002 eligible.〔HM Treasury, 10 January 2005, (Chancellor and Minister for Children launch Child Trust Fund )〕 Eligible children received an initial subscription from the government in the form of a voucher for at least £250. In 2010/11 the child trust fund policy was expected to cost around £520m, less than 0.5% of the £84bn UK education budget.〔 Because the scheme allows for family and friends to top up trust funds, it has given a substantial boost to savings rates, particularly among the poor. According to the Children's Mutual, "In terms of changing people's behaviour, this is the most successful product there's ever been."〔 For households with income of £19,000 a year, 30% of the children in that category are having £19 a month saved for them. Part of this is due to grandparents being more willing to contribute to funds, since the money cannot be diverted to the family finances.〔Zoe WIlliams, ''The Guardian'', 2 May 2010, (Why we cannot afford to raid the child trust fund piggy bank )〕 Creation of new funds and Government payments into them were ended in January 2011 by the Savings Accounts and Health in Pregnancy Grant Act 2010. ==Background== Asset-based egalitarianism〔 traces its roots to Thomas Paine, who proposed that every 21-year-old man and woman receive £15, financed from inheritance tax.〔 In 1989 LSE professor Julian Le Grand proposed a similar idea, calling it a "poll grant".〔 Subsequently the related concept of Individual Development Accounts was developed in the United States by Michael Sherraden.〔〔Washington University in St Louis, (Michael Sherraden )〕 This approach - termed "asset-based welfare" by Sherraden - saw asset redistribution less as an egalitarian measure than as one which supported poverty reduction by encouraging saving.〔 Sherraden argued that owning an asset led to people changing their way of thinking, being more likely to plan and invest in their future - in a way that providing people with an equivalent flow of income does not.〔Rajiv Prakhar (2009), "What is the future for asset-based welfare?", ''public policy research'', March–May 2009, p52〕 The idea of a universal account for all children first appears in Sherraden's ''Assets and the Poor'' (1991). In the UK the idea took off in 1999/2000 with a number of contributions to the ''New Statesman'' in 1999, including an article from Robert Reich endorsing the idea; and support in 2000 by the influential Institute for Public Policy Research.〔〔Kelly, Gavin and Lissauer, Rachel Ownership for All. London: Institute for Public Policy Research.〕 Sherraden's Center for Social Development collaborated with the IPPR, and a briefing paper by it remarked "It would be impossible to overstate the leadership and contributions of the Institute for Public Policy research in informing and shaping this new policy direction in the United Kingdom".〔Finlayson A (2008), "Characterizing New Labour: the case of the Child Trust Fund", ''Public Administration'' 86(1): 95-110〕 This carried through into proposals being included in the Labour Party's 2001 election manifesto.〔 The Child Trust Fund scheme was promised in the Labour Party's 2001 election manifesto,〔 and launched in January 2005, with children born after 1 September 2002 eligible.〔 Over the course of the development of the policy up to implementation, it became increasingly focussed on encouraging the poor to save and to develop their financial skills, with less emphasis on the egalitarian redistribution of assets.〔 According to the Institute of Public Policy Research Sherraden argued that possessing wealth in your early adulthood improves life outcomes by its effect of changing attitudes: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「child trust fund」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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